Chapter 4 Diabetes and the eye
Paul M Dodson
- • Diabetes mellitus is still one of the commonest causes of blindness worldwide.
- • The ophthalmic complications of diabetes include diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, primary open angle and neovascular glaucoma, and cranial nerve palsies.
- • Retinovascular disease including retinal vein and artery occlusion and non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy are more common in diabetic subjects.
- • Diabetic retinopathy occurs in approximately 40% of diabetic subjects, with ethnic differences.
- • The primary abnormalities of diabetic retinopathy are capillary basement membrane thickening, such that it becomes porous, and capillary occlusion with resultant retinal ischaemia.
- • In type 1 diabetes diabetic retinopathy is almost invariable after 15 years of disease duration. In type 2 diabetes 20% have retinal signs at diagnosis of diabetes, rising to a prevalence of 60% after 15 years of known disease duration.
- • Major modifiable risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include poor glucose and blood pressure control and increasing lipid levels.
DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199544967.003.0004
- Contents
- Chapter 1 What is diabetes?
- Chapter 2 Diabetic retinopathy—reasons for screening
- Chapter 3 Anatomy of the eye and the healthy fundus
- Chapter 4 Diabetes and the eye
- Chapter 5 Background diabetic retinopathy
- Chapter 7 Pre-proliferative and proliferative retinopathy
- Chapter 8 Advanced diabetic eye disease
- Chapter 9 Other ophthalmic lesions in the fundus
- Chapter 10 The screening episode—visual acuity, mydriasis, and digital photography
- Chapter 12 The principles of a national diabetic retinopathy screening programme
- Chapter 13 Programme administration
- Chapter 14 Models of screening and IT
- Chapter 15 Training and accreditation for retinal screening
- Chapter 16 Medical management of diabetic retinopathy
- Chapter 17 Ophthalmic treatment of diabetic retinopathy
Each section is written by a specialist with a specific role in a diabetic retinopathy screening scheme. This online reference is presented in full colour and contains over 100 images.
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